RF circuits are a standard application in most
electronic devices these days. Radio frequency (RF) circuits are a type of
circuit used to transfer radio frequencies between two or more devices.
Radio frequency circuits are used in most types of machinery for the television
and broadcasting industry, radar systems, mobile technologies, remote
monitoring, and many more applications. RF circuits help to transmit data
through radio signals and support the broadcasting of the data. When an
alternating current passes through a conductive material, it generates
radio frequency waves. Most phones, mobiles, and LAN networks use
electromagnetic radio frequency fields (RF) that range from 100 kHz to 300 GHz.
Another standard device where RF is used is the microwave oven. They are also
used in medical scanners and radar systems. The RF circuitry includes both
active and passive components. These components help to initiate the generation
of radio frequencies of various wavelengths. Various RF passive components help
to store and dissipate energy into the RF circuitry. But, passive components do
not generate energy; instead, try to store it. Multiple types of RF passive
components are an integral part of the main circuitry. Let's learn more about
what are the kinds of RF passive components in the circuit:
In general terms, an inductor helps to impede
the flow of the frequency. IT restricts the discharge as the frequency rises.
But in a circuit, it is the parallel capacitor that shall dominate the response
and ensure complete control. Due to this, the impedance decreases as the
frequency increases. Hence, capacitors are crucial to maintaining the circuit's
integrity, and one must choose both inductors and capacitors carefully for the
circuitry. It is essential for RF circuits with a frequency above 1 GHz.
A capacitor is a two-plated device that stores
electrical energy in the circuit and controls the flow. The non-ideality of the
circuit when high frequencies are handled makes way for inductance. In a high-frequency
circuit, the impedance of a capacitor decreases as the frequency increases. But
when a parasitic inductance is present in the circuit, the impedance can go
down to a self-resonant frequency and then begin a surge up. An in-circuit test
can easily make one understand this.
Most resistors can be a challenging component
at high frequencies. It happens because these resistors have series inductance
and parallel capacitance. They also have typical capacitance associated with
PCB pads makes it even more troublesome. Parasitic elements add to the
challenge. These elements are found everywhere in the circuitry. Even if the
resisting piece is simple, it still needs to be soldered to a PCB, but it
creates parasitics.
Baluns
This component is particular to RF circuits
and is not common in typical circuitry. The name of this component is derived
from the phrase 'balanced to unbalanced'. This name helps to remember that
baluns convert differential signals to single-ended signals and vice versa.
Baluns are basically transformers and fall into this category. In lower
frequency circuitry, amplifiers are used, but in an RF circuit, baluns do the
conversion of signals. An in-circuit
test helps to understand the balance of signals and their unbalance that balun
controls.
An antenna is a very crucial passive component
in an RF circuit. It helps to convert an RF electrical signal into another
electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and aslo perform the function vice versa.
Antennas are of significant use to optimize the generation or reception of EMR
depending on the application.
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